Restrictions & Incentives
This LAP investigates:
• The restrictions imposed on hydrogen vehicles using public and private parking places, tunnels and other facilities of the transport network,
• The existing financial and non-financial incentives for hydrogen vehicles
• The restrictions imposed on hydrogen vehicles using public and private parking places, tunnels and other facilities of the transport network,
• The existing financial and non-financial incentives for hydrogen vehicles
Glossary:
Restrictions & Incentives mean the privileges and the restrictions which could be established for hydrogen vehicles by using public and private parking facilities, tunnels other facilities of the transport network.
Pan-European Assessment:
Restrictions for hydrogen vehicles when using public road infrastructure may be imposed in relation to the on-board storage of high pressure or liquid hydrogen and their classification as dangerous goods according to ADR. In general, no substantial restrictions or barriers for hydrogen powered vehicles using the elements of the public transport network are identified.
Nevertheless, the passing through some categories of tunnels or parking in underground garages could be forbidden for some types of hydrogen powered vehicles, especially busses and trucks. Due to the limited number of the hydrogen powered vehicles in use, the potential restrictions on transportation of hydrogen powered vehicles with ferry or train are rather unknown. It is possible that the ferry/train operator may require information about the type of the vehicle to be transported or restrict the number of hydrogen powered vehicles transported on board. As a whole, there is no enough experience and sufficient information about the restrictions which may be imposed on hydrogen busses, trolleybuses ant trucks when using the facilities of the public transport infrastructure.
For purposes of achieving their energy and climate policy goals the majority of partner countries have adopted a number of policies, national legislative acts and support schemes for stimulating the market of electric, or low (zero) emission vehicles The FCEVs are legally defined as electric drive vehicles or as low (zero) emission vehicles and could benefit from the financial and non-financial incentives established for these types of vehicles.
The support measures mainly consist of tax and registration fee reductions and exemptions, the purchase grants and green or white certificates are less commonly used support tools. The toll charges exemptions are in place only in a few countries. The public procurement rules for acquisition of low emission vehicles are also not widespread used support instrument. In several countries, the local authorities may provide privileges for FCEVs such as access to bus lines and free/reduced parking in public parking spaces.
The existing support mechanisms are fragmented and mainly aimed at battery electric cars.
The lack of complex, appropriate and technology neutral support measures are considered as a significant economic barrier and in some cases as a regulatory gap for successful market deployment of the FCEVs.
Nevertheless, the passing through some categories of tunnels or parking in underground garages could be forbidden for some types of hydrogen powered vehicles, especially busses and trucks. Due to the limited number of the hydrogen powered vehicles in use, the potential restrictions on transportation of hydrogen powered vehicles with ferry or train are rather unknown. It is possible that the ferry/train operator may require information about the type of the vehicle to be transported or restrict the number of hydrogen powered vehicles transported on board. As a whole, there is no enough experience and sufficient information about the restrictions which may be imposed on hydrogen busses, trolleybuses ant trucks when using the facilities of the public transport infrastructure.
For purposes of achieving their energy and climate policy goals the majority of partner countries have adopted a number of policies, national legislative acts and support schemes for stimulating the market of electric, or low (zero) emission vehicles The FCEVs are legally defined as electric drive vehicles or as low (zero) emission vehicles and could benefit from the financial and non-financial incentives established for these types of vehicles.
The support measures mainly consist of tax and registration fee reductions and exemptions, the purchase grants and green or white certificates are less commonly used support tools. The toll charges exemptions are in place only in a few countries. The public procurement rules for acquisition of low emission vehicles are also not widespread used support instrument. In several countries, the local authorities may provide privileges for FCEVs such as access to bus lines and free/reduced parking in public parking spaces.
The existing support mechanisms are fragmented and mainly aimed at battery electric cars.
The lack of complex, appropriate and technology neutral support measures are considered as a significant economic barrier and in some cases as a regulatory gap for successful market deployment of the FCEVs.
Is it a barrier?
Yes
Type of Barrier
Economic barrier
Assessment Severity
3
Assessment
UK is generally supportive of ULEVs (FCEVs and BEVs) as cars, vans and buses ; there are restrictions on some forms of movement due to safety concerns. Uncertainty over restrictions during vehicle introduction
Questions:
Question 1
Is there any restriction for hydrogen vehicles?:
a) use of tunnels
i. cars (incl. taxis)
ii. buses
iii. trolleybuses
iv. trucks
b) parking places (e.g. underground)
i. cars (incl. taxis)
ii. buses
iii. trolleybuses
iv. trucks
c) ferry
i. cars (incl. taxis)
ii. buses
iii. trolleybuses
iv. trucks
d) trains
i. cars (incl. taxis)
ii. buses
iii. trolleybuses
iv. trucks
e) others
i. cars (incl. taxis)
ii. buses
iii. trolleybuses
iv. trucks
a) use of tunnels
i. – There are 9 tunnels in the UK which place restrictions on hazardous (explosive / flammable) products being transported as under ADR controls and the tunnel operator can prevent movement of hydrogen powered fuel cell electric vehicles, with compressed hydrogen tanks, but there are no restrictions on other tunnels, underpasses and bridges
ii. – as for i. i
iii. – as for i.
iv. – as for i
b) parking places (specifically underground; above ground and open deck parking is not considered an issue)
i. – allowed for passenger FCEVs and small vans
ii. – not currently allowed without clearance on ventilation levels and H2 LEL
iii. – not currently allowed without clearance on ventilation levels and H2 LEL
iv. – not currently allowed without clearance on ventilation levels and H2 LEL
c) ferry
i. – allowed for passenger FCEVs and small vans on open deck areas
ii. – subject to ferry operator acceptance regarding ventilation, vehicle separation, or/and open deck parking stipulation TBD
iii. – same as ii
iv. – same as ii
d) trains
i. – NThere are no rail based operations for the transport of vehicles in the UK – so no data is currently available for this category
ii. – n/a
iii. – n/a
iv. – n/a
e) others
i. – No data
ii. – n/a
iii. – N/a
iv. – N/a
Question 2
Are there any incentives for hydrogen vehicles?
a) access to specific lanes (e.g. bus)
i. cars (incl. taxis)
ii. buses
iii. trolleybuses
iv. trucks
b) free/reduced fee parking
i. cars (incl. taxis)
ii. buses
iii. trolleybuses
iv. trucks
c) tax incentives
i. cars (incl. taxis)
ii. buses
iii. trolleybuses
iv. trucks
d) registration fee reduction
i. cars (incl. taxis)
ii. buses
iii. trolleybuses
iv. trucks
e) toll charges exemption (e.g. congestion charge in London)
i. cars (incl. taxis)
ii. buses
iii. trolleybuses
iv. trucks
e) public procurement rules
i. cars (incl. taxis)
ii. buses
iii. trolleybuses
iv. trucks
e) others
i. cars (incl. taxis)
ii. buses
iii. trolleybuses
iv. trucks
a) access to specific lanes (e.g. bus)
i. – Licensed public taxis only (not private hire vehicles) – but this varies between city and traffic enforcement authorities
ii. – yes for public service operations buses, not for private coaches
iii. – n/a
iv. – no
b) free/reduced fee parking i. – varies widely around the UK between city and traffic enforcement authorities
ii. – N/a
iii. – N/a
iv. – N/a
c) tax incentives
i. – yes – ULEV grant available for all classes of ultra low emission vehicles under the ‘plug–in grant scheme which provides a £5000 grant to new ULEV vehicles (payable either to the vehicle dealer or directly to a buyer) and if the purchase is made by a business then there is a 100% capital write down in year 1 available. Further, no fuel duty tax is payable for hydrogen. ii. buses are not currently covere under the grant but could be give the 100% capital write down allowance . d
iii. – coaches not currently
iv covered under the grant but could be give the 100% capital write down allowane c . – light duty vans <3.5gvw qualify for the grant and 100% capital write down for business buyers; trucks are not currently covered d) registration fee reduction
i. – Yes
ii. – NA
iii. – NA
iv. – no data
e) toll charges exemption (e.g. congestion charge in London)
i. – Yes – for London, the congestion charge is £10 per entry into the congestion charge zone. A FCEV (and other ZEVs) is exempt from this charge. Other UK cities are considering similar congestion charge / clean air zones but none have yet been implemented
ii. – no data
iii. – no data
iv. – no data
f) public procurement rules
i. – yes – selective by local government authorities to ensure that ULEVs and ZEVs are treated on a fair basis – London has progressed further and specifically discriminates against diesel powered fleet vehicles
ii. – yes – and in London has set a deadline of 2023 that all buses be zero emission capable
iii. – no data
iv. – no data
g) others
i. – no data
ii. – no data
iii. – no data
iv. – no data
Describe the comparable technology and its relevance with regard to hydrogen
Electric
National legislation:
-
Carriage of Dangerous Goods
Tunnel category codes for 9 tunnels in Great Britain, and ADR instructions for vehicles considered to be operating wiht or carrying dangerous goods
-
ULEV Grant
Government grant for ultra low emission vehicles (cars and vans)
EU Legislation:
-
Directive 2008/68/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 September 2008 on the inland transport of dangerous goods.
Extends the uniform rules of ADR to national transport.
Article 5
Restrictions on grounds of transport safety
1. Member States may on grounds of transport safety apply more stringent provisions, with the exception of construction requirements, concerning the national transport of dangerous goods by vehicles, wagons and inland waterway vessels registered or put into circulation within their territory. -
Directive 2009/33/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of clean and energy-efficient road transport vehicles (Clean vehicle directive)
This Directive requires contracting authorities, contracting entities as well as certain operators to take into account lifetime energy and environmental impacts, including energy consumption and emissions of CO 2 and of certain pollutants, when purchasing road transport vehicles with the objectives of promoting and stimulating the market for clean and energy efficient vehicles and improving the contribution of the transport sector to the environment, climate and energy policies of the Community.
The Directive also sets the methodology for the calculation of operational lifetime as well as data for the calculation of operational lifetime costs of road transport vehicles, including hydrogen