Restrictions & Incentives

This LAP investigates:
• The restrictions imposed on hydrogen vehicles using public and private parking places, tunnels and other facilities of the transport network,
• The existing financial and non-financial incentives for hydrogen vehicles

Glossary:

Restrictions & Incentives mean the privileges and the restrictions which could be established for hydrogen vehicles by using public and private parking facilities, tunnels other facilities of the transport network.

Pan-European Assessment:

Restrictions for hydrogen vehicles when using public road infrastructure may be imposed in relation to the on-board storage of high pressure or liquid hydrogen and their classification as dangerous goods according to ADR. In general, no substantial restrictions or barriers for hydrogen powered vehicles using the elements of the public transport network are identified.

Nevertheless, the passing through some categories of tunnels or parking in underground garages could be forbidden for some types of hydrogen powered vehicles, especially busses and trucks. Due to the limited number of the hydrogen powered vehicles in use, the potential restrictions on transportation of hydrogen powered vehicles with ferry or train are rather unknown. It is possible that the ferry/train operator may require information about the type of the vehicle to be transported or restrict the number of hydrogen powered vehicles transported on board. As a whole, there is no enough experience and sufficient information about the restrictions which may be imposed on hydrogen busses, trolleybuses ant trucks when using the facilities of the public transport infrastructure.

For purposes of achieving their energy and climate policy goals the majority of partner countries have adopted a number of policies, national legislative acts and support schemes for stimulating the market of electric, or low (zero) emission vehicles The FCEVs are legally defined as electric drive vehicles or as low (zero) emission vehicles and could benefit from the financial and non-financial incentives established for these types of vehicles.
The support measures mainly consist of tax and registration fee reductions and exemptions, the purchase grants and green or white certificates are less commonly used support tools. The toll charges exemptions are in place only in a few countries. The public procurement rules for acquisition of low emission vehicles are also not widespread used support instrument. In several countries, the local authorities may provide privileges for FCEVs such as access to bus lines and free/reduced parking in public parking spaces.
The existing support mechanisms are fragmented and mainly aimed at battery electric cars.
The lack of complex, appropriate and technology neutral support measures are considered as a significant economic barrier and in some cases as a regulatory gap for successful market deployment of the FCEVs.
Is it a barrier?
Yes
Type of Barrier
Economic barrier, regulatory gaps
Assessment Severity
3
Assessment
Incentives are crucial in the implementation phase of new technologies. Incentives reflect the ambition level of the national politicians. Delay of the implementation of hydrogen vehicles.

Questions:

Question 1 Is there any restriction for hydrogen vehicles?: a) use of tunnels i. cars (incl. taxis) ii. buses iii. trolleybuses iv. trucks b) parking places (e.g. underground) i. cars (incl. taxis) ii. buses iii. trolleybuses iv. trucks c) ferry i. cars (incl. taxis) ii. buses iii. trolleybuses iv. trucks d) trains i. cars (incl. taxis) ii. buses iii. trolleybuses iv. trucks e) others i. cars (incl. taxis) ii. buses iii. trolleybuses iv. trucks
a) use of tunnels i. – No ii. – No iii. – No iv. – No b) parking places (e.g. underground) i. – No ii. – No iii. – No iv. – No c) ferry i. – No ii. – No iii. – No iv. – No d) trains i. – No ii. – No iii. – No iv. – No e) others i. – For oversea transportation a low max level of fuel is allowed. Same requirement as for other fuels ii. – n/a iii. – n/a iv. – n/a
Question 2 Are there any incentives for hydrogen vehicles? a) access to specific lanes (e.g. bus) i. cars (incl. taxis) ii. buses iii. trolleybuses iv. trucks b) free/reduced fee parking i. cars (incl. taxis) ii. buses iii. trolleybuses iv. trucks c) tax incentives i. cars (incl. taxis) ii. buses iii. trolleybuses iv. trucks d) registration fee reduction i. cars (incl. taxis) ii. buses iii. trolleybuses iv. trucks e) toll charges exemption (e.g. congestion charge in London) i. cars (incl. taxis) ii. buses iii. trolleybuses iv. trucks e) public procurement rules i. cars (incl. taxis) ii. buses iii. trolleybuses iv. trucks e) others i. cars (incl. taxis) ii. buses iii. trolleybuses iv. trucks
a) access to specific lanes (e.g. bus) i. – No ii. – Just standard public transport in bus lanes iii. – Just standard public transport in bus lanes iv. – No b) free/reduced fee parking i. – No ii. – No iii. – No iv. – No c) tax incentives i. – Today super environmental car premie of 4500€, from 1st of July, 2018 a bonus–malus system is decided to take over and then an incentive of 6000€ for zero emission cars ii. – From 1st of Feb. 2018 a bonus of 20% of the investment for the hydrogen buses will be updated to include hydrogen buses iii. – Same as for buses iv. – No incentive yet d) registration fee reduction i. – No ii. – No iii. – No iv. – No e) toll charges exemption (e.g. congestion charge in London) i. – No ii. – No iii. – No iv. – No f) public procurement rules i. – No. ii. – No iii. – No iv. – No g) others i. – No ii. – No iii. – No iv. – No
Describe the comparable technology and its relevance with regard to hydrogen
The new bonus–malus system that will be implemented from 1st of July 2018 will handle all new technologies and give max. Bonus for BEVs and FCEVs.

National legislation:

  • Law on transport of dangerous goods SFS 2006:263
    2§ (Precautions necessary for the transport of dangerous goods)
    Anyone who transports dangerous goods or leaves dangerous goods to another for transportation shall take the protective measures and other precautionary measures necessary to prevent, prevent and restrict the goods, by transportation or by unauthorized use of goods on land transport, causing such goods damage to life, health, environment or property that is due to the dangerous properties of the goods. It is therefore particularly important that the means of transport, packaging and other transport devices used are suitable for the transport of dangerous goods.
    11 § (Safety advisor)
    The person whose operations include the transport of dangerous goods under this Act shall have one or more safety advisors. The same applies to anyone who leaves dangerous goods for transport.
  • Swedish bonus–malus system
  • Road Traffic Tax Act 2006: 227
    2 Chapter 11 a §
    Vehicle tax shall not be paid for passenger cars, light trucks and light buses over time as the car is classified in the emission class specified in section 30 or 32 of the Exhaust Cleaning Act (2011: 318) which occurs during the first five years of the first tax liability , and
    1. The car's carbon dioxide emissions in mixed driving as specified in the road traffic register do not exceed the maximum carbon dioxide emissions referred to in the second paragraph in relation to the weight of the car, and
    2. The car when propelled does not consume more electrical energy than 37 kilowatt hours per 100 kilometers if the car is classified in the emission class Laddhybrid, according to Section 32 of the Exhaust Cleaning Act, or
    3. The car when propelled does not consume more electrical energy than specified in 2, if the car is classified in emission class Electricity pursuant to section 32 of the Exhaust Cleaning Act
  • Förordning (2009:1) om miljö– och trafiksäkerhetskrav för myndigheters bilar och bilresor (Regulation (2009: 1) on environmental and road safety requirements for government cars and car journeys)
    5 §
    The passenger cars that an authority buys or includes lease agreements should be environmental cars.

EU Legislation: