Restrictions & Incentives
This LAP investigates:
• The restrictions imposed on hydrogen vehicles using public and private parking places, tunnels and other facilities of the transport network,
• The existing financial and non-financial incentives for hydrogen vehicles
• The restrictions imposed on hydrogen vehicles using public and private parking places, tunnels and other facilities of the transport network,
• The existing financial and non-financial incentives for hydrogen vehicles
Glossary:
Restrictions & Incentives mean the privileges and the restrictions which could be established for hydrogen vehicles by using public and private parking facilities, tunnels other facilities of the transport network.
Pan-European Assessment:
Restrictions for hydrogen vehicles when using public road infrastructure may be imposed in relation to the on-board storage of high pressure or liquid hydrogen and their classification as dangerous goods according to ADR. In general, no substantial restrictions or barriers for hydrogen powered vehicles using the elements of the public transport network are identified.
Nevertheless, the passing through some categories of tunnels or parking in underground garages could be forbidden for some types of hydrogen powered vehicles, especially busses and trucks. Due to the limited number of the hydrogen powered vehicles in use, the potential restrictions on transportation of hydrogen powered vehicles with ferry or train are rather unknown. It is possible that the ferry/train operator may require information about the type of the vehicle to be transported or restrict the number of hydrogen powered vehicles transported on board. As a whole, there is no enough experience and sufficient information about the restrictions which may be imposed on hydrogen busses, trolleybuses ant trucks when using the facilities of the public transport infrastructure.
For purposes of achieving their energy and climate policy goals the majority of partner countries have adopted a number of policies, national legislative acts and support schemes for stimulating the market of electric, or low (zero) emission vehicles The FCEVs are legally defined as electric drive vehicles or as low (zero) emission vehicles and could benefit from the financial and non-financial incentives established for these types of vehicles.
The support measures mainly consist of tax and registration fee reductions and exemptions, the purchase grants and green or white certificates are less commonly used support tools. The toll charges exemptions are in place only in a few countries. The public procurement rules for acquisition of low emission vehicles are also not widespread used support instrument. In several countries, the local authorities may provide privileges for FCEVs such as access to bus lines and free/reduced parking in public parking spaces.
The existing support mechanisms are fragmented and mainly aimed at battery electric cars.
The lack of complex, appropriate and technology neutral support measures are considered as a significant economic barrier and in some cases as a regulatory gap for successful market deployment of the FCEVs.
Nevertheless, the passing through some categories of tunnels or parking in underground garages could be forbidden for some types of hydrogen powered vehicles, especially busses and trucks. Due to the limited number of the hydrogen powered vehicles in use, the potential restrictions on transportation of hydrogen powered vehicles with ferry or train are rather unknown. It is possible that the ferry/train operator may require information about the type of the vehicle to be transported or restrict the number of hydrogen powered vehicles transported on board. As a whole, there is no enough experience and sufficient information about the restrictions which may be imposed on hydrogen busses, trolleybuses ant trucks when using the facilities of the public transport infrastructure.
For purposes of achieving their energy and climate policy goals the majority of partner countries have adopted a number of policies, national legislative acts and support schemes for stimulating the market of electric, or low (zero) emission vehicles The FCEVs are legally defined as electric drive vehicles or as low (zero) emission vehicles and could benefit from the financial and non-financial incentives established for these types of vehicles.
The support measures mainly consist of tax and registration fee reductions and exemptions, the purchase grants and green or white certificates are less commonly used support tools. The toll charges exemptions are in place only in a few countries. The public procurement rules for acquisition of low emission vehicles are also not widespread used support instrument. In several countries, the local authorities may provide privileges for FCEVs such as access to bus lines and free/reduced parking in public parking spaces.
The existing support mechanisms are fragmented and mainly aimed at battery electric cars.
The lack of complex, appropriate and technology neutral support measures are considered as a significant economic barrier and in some cases as a regulatory gap for successful market deployment of the FCEVs.
Is it a barrier?
Yes
Type of Barrier
Economic barrier, Structural barrier
Assessment Severity
3
Assessment
There are no substantial restrictions for hydrogen vehicles by using the facilities of transport infrastructure. The experience with hydrogen buses and trucks is still insufficient and therefore is possible that some restrictions e.g. when passing through tunnels may be imposed. The financial grant for purchase of BEVs and FCEVs is aimed primarily at BEV ; only one model of FCEVs is eligible for granting. The public procurement rules, setting a quota of at least 20% share of electric vehicles in the Federal Government vehicle fleet till 2020 could be a an important instrument for establishing of wide-spread use of hydrogen vehicles.
Questions:
Question 1
Is there any restriction for hydrogen vehicles?:
a) use of tunnels
i. cars (incl. taxis)
ii. buses
iii. trolleybuses
iv. trucks
b) parking places (e.g. underground)
i. cars (incl. taxis)
ii. buses
iii. trolleybuses
iv. trucks
c) ferry
i. cars (incl. taxis)
ii. buses
iii. trolleybuses
iv. trucks
d) trains
i. cars (incl. taxis)
ii. buses
iii. trolleybuses
iv. trucks
e) others
i. cars (incl. taxis)
ii. buses
iii. trolleybuses
iv. trucks
a) use of tunnels
i. – no
ii. – There is no enough experience. It is possible that some restrictions on hydrogen busses when passing tunnels may be imposed.
iii. – There is no enough experience. It is possible that some restrictions on hydrogen trolleybuses when passing tunnels may be imposed
iv. – There is no enough experience. It is possible that some restrictions on hydrogen trucks when passing tunnels may be imposed
b) parking places (e.g. underground)
i. – All intrinsically gas tight vehicles like CNG and CGH2 vehicles can drive in as long as the garage owner does not prohibit.
ii. – see i
iii. – see i
iv. – see i
c) ferry
i. – There are not general restrictions on the transport of a hydrogen vehicles with a ferry, but it should be taken into account that there is no enough practical experience with busses and tracks.
The ferry operator may ask to be informed in advance that a hydrogen fuelled vehicle will be on board. The ferry operator may impose a restriction on the number of hydrogen fuelled vehicles transported per ferry.
ii. – see i
iii. – not applicable
iv. – see i
d) trains
i. – There are not general restrictions on the transport of a hydrogen vehicles with a train, but it should be taken into account that there is no enough practical experience with busses and trucks.
The train operator may ask to be informed in advance that a hydrogen fuelled vehicle will be on board. The train operator may impose a restriction on the number of hydrogen fuelled vehicles transported per train.
ii. – see i
iii. – not applicable
iv. – see i
e) others
i. – no information
ii. – no information
iii. – no information
iv. – no information
Question 2
Are there any incentives for hydrogen vehicles?
a) access to specific lanes (e.g. bus)
i. cars (incl. taxis)
ii. buses
iii. trolleybuses
iv. trucks
b) free/reduced fee parking
i. cars (incl. taxis)
ii. buses
iii. trolleybuses
iv. trucks
c) tax incentives
i. cars (incl. taxis)
ii. buses
iii. trolleybuses
iv. trucks
d) registration fee reduction
i. cars (incl. taxis)
ii. buses
iii. trolleybuses
iv. trucks
e) toll charges exemption (e.g. congestion charge in London)
i. cars (incl. taxis)
ii. buses
iii. trolleybuses
iv. trucks
e) public procurement rules
i. cars (incl. taxis)
ii. buses
iii. trolleybuses
iv. trucks
e) others
i. cars (incl. taxis)
ii. buses
iii. trolleybuses
iv. trucks
a) access to specific lanes (e.g. bus)
i. – – In Germany, the hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are recognised as electric vehicles. The local road authorities can reserve special parking spaces for electric vehicles at public places;
– Park fees can be reduced or waived completely for electric cars;
– Electric vehicles may be exempted from certain access restrictions imposed, for example, for reasons of noise and exhaust emissions;
– Electric vehicles can be driven on bus lanes.
ii. – see i
iii. – see i
iv. – see i
b) free/reduced fee parking
i. – There is no general regulation for exemption from/reduction of parking fees. At the discretion of the parking facility operator the hydrogen vehicles may be exempted from paying of parking fee, or the fee may be reduced.
ii. – see i
iii. – see i
iv. – see i
c) tax incentives
i. – The Motor Vehicle Tax Act provides an exemption from the motor vehicle tax for non–hybrid electric passenger cars registered for the first time in the period from 18 May 2011 to 31 December 2020 for ten years.
At present, an employee who uses his company electric or hybrid vehicle privately must pay monthly tax on 1% of the list price as a so-called non-cash benefit. This provision was not applicable for FCEVs. According to the bill which has to be adopted by the German Bundestag, the monthly tax for private use of companies electric and hybrid vehicles, purchased or leased between 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2021, is to be calculated on the half of the list price and this rule will apply for FCEVs too.
ii. – no
iii. – no
iv. – no
d) registration fee reduction
i. – no
ii. – no
iii. – no
iv. – no
e) toll charges exemption (e.g. congestion charge in London)
i. – no
ii. – no
iii. – no
iv. – no
f) public procurement rules
i. – At least 20% of the Federal Government vehicle fleet should consist of electric vehicles till 2020. 100 Mil. EUR has been earmarked for this.
ii. – see i
iii. – no
iv. – see i
g) others
i. – For vehicles categories M1, N1 and N2 (cars and small trucks) – A purchase grant, known as the environmental bonus, will be paid towards new electric vehicles or for zero emission vehicles. For electric only cars incl FCEVs, 4.000EUR will be paid, with 3.000EUR available for plug–in hybrids. The grant will be paid towards purchases of cars with a list price of up to 60.000EUR. The total funding is limited to 1,2bn EUR. The Federal Government and the automotive industry will each cover half of the costs. The funding is provided by the manufacturer. In the list of vehicles eligible for financing is included only one model of FCEV - Hyundai ix35 Fuel Cell.
ii. – no
iii. – no
iv. – see i
Describe the comparable technology and its relevance with regard to hydrogen
Electric vehicles
National legislation:
-
Electric Mobility Act (Gesetz zur Bevorrechtigung der Verwendung elektrisch betriebener Fahrzeuge, Elektromobilitätsgesetz)
§ 3 Privileges (1)
Anyone who drives an electric vehicle may receive preferential rights to participate in road traffic. -
Road Traffic Ordinance (Straßenverkehrs–Ordnung (StVO)
§46 Exemption permits
Defines the possible privileges for electric vehicles provided in Electric Mobility Act. -
Ordinance on the Transport of Dangerous Goods by Road, Rail and Inland Waterways (Gefahrgutverordnung Straße, Eisenbahn und Binnenschifffahrt – GGVSEB)
Laid down rules and requirements for the safe national and international transport of dangerous goods.
-
Motor Vehicle Act (Kraftfahrzeugsteuergesetz)
§ 3d Tax exemption for electric vehicles
-
Income Tax Act (Einkommensteuergesetz)
§ 3 Tax free incomes The recharge of employees electric cars at their place of employment is no longer a taxable benefit in kind
EU Legislation:
-
Directive 2008/68/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 September 2008 on the inland transport of dangerous goods.
Extends the uniform rules of ADR to national transport.
Article 5
Restrictions on grounds of transport safety
1. Member States may on grounds of transport safety apply more stringent provisions, with the exception of construction requirements, concerning the national transport of dangerous goods by vehicles, wagons and inland waterway vessels registered or put into circulation within their territory. -
Directive 2009/33/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of clean and energy-efficient road transport vehicles (Clean vehicle directive)
This Directive requires contracting authorities, contracting entities as well as certain operators to take into account lifetime energy and environmental impacts, including energy consumption and emissions of CO 2 and of certain pollutants, when purchasing road transport vehicles with the objectives of promoting and stimulating the market for clean and energy efficient vehicles and improving the contribution of the transport sector to the environment, climate and energy policies of the Community.
The Directive also sets the methodology for the calculation of operational lifetime as well as data for the calculation of operational lifetime costs of road transport vehicles, including hydrogen