Restrictions & Incentives

This LAP investigates:
• The restrictions imposed on hydrogen vehicles using public and private parking places, tunnels and other facilities of the transport network,
• The existing financial and non-financial incentives for hydrogen vehicles

Glossary:

Restrictions & Incentives mean the privileges and the restrictions which could be established for hydrogen vehicles by using public and private parking facilities, tunnels other facilities of the transport network.

Pan-European Assessment:

Restrictions for hydrogen vehicles when using public road infrastructure may be imposed in relation to the on-board storage of high pressure or liquid hydrogen and their classification as dangerous goods according to ADR. In general, no substantial restrictions or barriers for hydrogen powered vehicles using the elements of the public transport network are identified.

Nevertheless, the passing through some categories of tunnels or parking in underground garages could be forbidden for some types of hydrogen powered vehicles, especially busses and trucks. Due to the limited number of the hydrogen powered vehicles in use, the potential restrictions on transportation of hydrogen powered vehicles with ferry or train are rather unknown. It is possible that the ferry/train operator may require information about the type of the vehicle to be transported or restrict the number of hydrogen powered vehicles transported on board. As a whole, there is no enough experience and sufficient information about the restrictions which may be imposed on hydrogen busses, trolleybuses ant trucks when using the facilities of the public transport infrastructure.

For purposes of achieving their energy and climate policy goals the majority of partner countries have adopted a number of policies, national legislative acts and support schemes for stimulating the market of electric, or low (zero) emission vehicles The FCEVs are legally defined as electric drive vehicles or as low (zero) emission vehicles and could benefit from the financial and non-financial incentives established for these types of vehicles.
The support measures mainly consist of tax and registration fee reductions and exemptions, the purchase grants and green or white certificates are less commonly used support tools. The toll charges exemptions are in place only in a few countries. The public procurement rules for acquisition of low emission vehicles are also not widespread used support instrument. In several countries, the local authorities may provide privileges for FCEVs such as access to bus lines and free/reduced parking in public parking spaces.
The existing support mechanisms are fragmented and mainly aimed at battery electric cars.
The lack of complex, appropriate and technology neutral support measures are considered as a significant economic barrier and in some cases as a regulatory gap for successful market deployment of the FCEVs.
Is it a barrier?
Yes
Type of Barrier
Economic barrier, Regulatory gap
Assessment Severity
2
Assessment
The incentive system for low emission cars has led to a very quick and broad uptake of electrical vehicles. To maintain the incentives for hydrogen vehicles in the next years iwill be an important conducive factor for their uptake in Norway. To further stimulate market uptake, strategic use of public procurement is required, and additional incentives targeting fleet vehicles should be considered.

Questions:

Question 1 Is there any restriction for hydrogen vehicles?: a) use of tunnels i. cars (incl. taxis) ii. buses iii. trolleybuses iv. trucks b) parking places (e.g. underground) i. cars (incl. taxis) ii. buses iii. trolleybuses iv. trucks c) ferry i. cars (incl. taxis) ii. buses iii. trolleybuses iv. trucks d) trains i. cars (incl. taxis) ii. buses iii. trolleybuses iv. trucks e) others i. cars (incl. taxis) ii. buses iii. trolleybuses iv. trucks
a) use of tunnels i. – No. ii. – No. iii. – Not applicable. iv. – No. b) parking places (e.g. underground) i. – No. . ii. – No. iii. – Not applicable. iv. – No.i c) ferry i. – No. ii. – No. iii. – Not applicable. iv. – No. d) trains i. – No ii. – No iii. – No iv. – No e) others i. – No. ii. – No iii. – No iv. – No
Question 2 Are there any incentives for hydrogen vehicles? a) access to specific lanes (e.g. bus) i. cars (incl. taxis) ii. buses iii. trolleybuses iv. trucks b) free/reduced fee parking i. cars (incl. taxis) ii. buses iii. trolleybuses iv. trucks c) tax incentives i. cars (incl. taxis) ii. buses iii. trolleybuses iv. trucks d) registration fee reduction i. cars (incl. taxis) ii. buses iii. trolleybuses iv. trucks e) toll charges exemption (e.g. congestion charge in London) i. cars (incl. taxis) ii. buses iii. trolleybuses iv. trucks e) public procurement rules i. cars (incl. taxis) ii. buses iii. trolleybuses iv. trucks e) others i. cars (incl. taxis) ii. buses iii. trolleybuses iv. trucks
a) access to specific lanes (e.g. bus) i. – Hydrogen cars are permitted to use public–transport lanes, in towns were such exist, the same way as electrical cars. ii. – Hydrogen buses have access to and are required to use public–transport lanes, the same way as other buses. iii. – No. And not so relevant. There is only one town with trolleybuses in Norway. iv. – If they will be classified and registered as other hydrogen vehicles, with HY licence plates, trucks will also have access to public–transport lanes. b) free/reduced fee parking i. – Up to 01.01.2017 hydrogen cars, together with electrical cars, enjoyed free parking in public parking spaces. This is still mostly the case, but from 01.01.2017, municipalities may choose whether to charge low emission vehicles for parking or not. A resolution that low emission cars maximally shall be charged 50% of the normal fee enters into force in 2018. ii. – The parking incentives apply to all EL and HY vehicles. iii. – Not applicable. iv. – The parking incentives apply to all EL and HY vehicles . c) tax incentives i. – Hydrogen and electrical cars are exempted from VAT, which is 25% for other cars. The Norwegian government has officially requested an extension of the zero VAT provision until 2020. ii. – Hydrogen buses are not exempted from VAT, but the VAT is tax deductable (as for all buses), when the owner has a licence for non–private use). iii. – Not relevant . iv. – No, but tax deductable VAT, as for other vehicles licenced for professional use. d) registration fee reduction i. – Hydrogen cars are exempted from the non–recurrent registration fee (engangsavgift) (the same way as electrical cars). This is a sizeable incentive. The non–recurrent fee is variable, based on weight and CO2 emission, where for example a car weighing 1.300 kg will give a weight fee of around 3000 EUR. If the same car emits 160 g CO–equivalents pr. km, this will give a total non–recurrent fee of around 14 000 EUR. ii. – There is no registration fee for buses and trucks for professional use. iii. – Not relevant. iv. – See ii. e) toll charges exemption (e.g. congestion charge in London) i. – As per now, hydrogen and electrical cars are exempted from road tolls in Norway. The government made a resolution in 2017, that electrical cars may be charged up to 50%, but hydrogen cars will remain exempted from road toll. 2018. ii. – Same as for cars. iii. – Not applicable. iv. – Same as for cars. f) public procurement rules i. – There are no public procurement rules that focus specifically on hydrogen vehicles. However, the Public Procurement Act requires the procuring agent to consider environmental aspects carefully and specify environmental requirements where this is relevant. Where environmental impact is used as a criterion it should be weighted minimum 30%. ii. – See answer i. iii. – Not so relevant. iv. – See answer i. g) others i. – From 01.01.2018, the system of annual fees has been replaced by a system of traffic insurance fees payable to the state (counted pr. day, not year). Hydrogen and electrical cars are exempted, while the normal fee for cars of less than 7500 kg will be 7,73 NOK (0,81 EUR) pr. day. ii. – For larger vehicles, the fee is calculated for each vehicle, depending on weight, number of shafts and spring system. However, all hydrogen vehicles will be exempted from the new traffic insurance fee. iii. – Not relevant. iv. – See answer ii.
Describe the comparable technology and its relevance with regard to hydrogen
Hydrogen vehicles do currently benefit from the same incentives as electrical vehicles. While there are plans to gradually reduce the incentives for electrical cars, this does not apply to hydrogen vehicles.

National legislation:

EU Legislation: