Quality measurement requirements
This LAP is concerned with the methods, analyses and devices used for the assessment and assurance that the hydrogen, delivered at the distribution centers and at refueling stations, meets the requirements for hydrogen purity.
Glossary:
Fualy quality measurements requirements are requirements for methods and technologies for testing and analysing the quality of hydrogen as a fuel.
Pan-European Assessment:
The transposition of the Directive 2014/94/EU, has led to a regulation on H2 as an energy carrier for road transport, but the quality measurement requirements have not been fixed in this legislative act.
A legally mandated quality control procedure exists in most countries in which HRS have been installed and advanced discussions are in place in the others. Nevertheless, approaches differ considerably with respect to both the fuel quality requirements, measurement and process.
Most countries adhere (from a regulatory perspective) to the standards laid down within ISO 14687-2 and ISO 19880–1, however, from an administrative and operational perspective some countries have taken different approaches. The general message across different countries with experience in deployment of hydrogen as fuel is that the ISO norm forms the basis for the quality control, but that checking on all the possible contaminants is very difficult/expensive. In practice measurement is done on key contaminants which are checked continuously, however, due to the associated costs, not all contaminants named in the norm are checked.
A legally mandated quality control procedure exists in most countries in which HRS have been installed and advanced discussions are in place in the others. Nevertheless, approaches differ considerably with respect to both the fuel quality requirements, measurement and process.
Most countries adhere (from a regulatory perspective) to the standards laid down within ISO 14687-2 and ISO 19880–1, however, from an administrative and operational perspective some countries have taken different approaches. The general message across different countries with experience in deployment of hydrogen as fuel is that the ISO norm forms the basis for the quality control, but that checking on all the possible contaminants is very difficult/expensive. In practice measurement is done on key contaminants which are checked continuously, however, due to the associated costs, not all contaminants named in the norm are checked.
Is it a barrier?
Yes
Type of Barrier
Operational barriers
Assessment Severity
1
Assessment
There is a quality control for hydrogen as a fuel, however there is no continuous quality control such as the utilization of a gas chromatography.
The national Committee CT 286, of Comitato Termotecnico Italiano, is the national interface of the ISO / TC 197 on hydrogen technologies. The main activities are concentrated on the work of drafting ISO standards 19884 "Gaseous hydrogen – Cylinders and tubes for stationary storage" and the ISO 19880 series" Gaseous hydrogen – filling stations ".
Regarding HRS, the ISO/DIS 19880–8 Gaseous hydrogen – Fuelling stations – Hydrogen quality control is under development. The aim of the standard is to develop a practical implementation method for hydrogen quality control in which minimum analysis requirements of impurities are specified for hydrogen supply chain.
The national Committee CT 286, of Comitato Termotecnico Italiano, is the national interface of the ISO / TC 197 on hydrogen technologies. The main activities are concentrated on the work of drafting ISO standards 19884 "Gaseous hydrogen – Cylinders and tubes for stationary storage" and the ISO 19880 series" Gaseous hydrogen – filling stations ".
Regarding HRS, the ISO/DIS 19880–8 Gaseous hydrogen – Fuelling stations – Hydrogen quality control is under development. The aim of the standard is to develop a practical implementation method for hydrogen quality control in which minimum analysis requirements of impurities are specified for hydrogen supply chain.
Questions:
Question 1
Is there a quality control for hydrogen as a fuel?
If yes:
a) Which is the competent authority?
b) Which entity is responsible for the hydrogen quality?
c) What are the quality criteria?
d) What are the frequency of the quality measurements?
There is a quality control for hydrogen as a fuel, however there is no foreseen continuum quality control such as the utilization of a gas chromatography.
Question 1
Is there a quality control for hydrogen as a fuel?
If yes:
a - Which is the competent authority?
a - independent certifications entity
Question 1
Is there a quality control for hydrogen as a fuel?
If yes:
b - Which entity is responsible for the hydrogen quality?
b - Producers
Question 1
Is there a quality control for hydrogen as a fuel?
If yes:
c - What are the quality criteria?
c - The Technical Committee CT 286 of Comitato Termotecnico Italiano, is the national interface of ISO/TC 197 the ISO Technical Working Group on hydrogen technologies. The main activities focus on ISO 198880 package on gaseous hydrogen refuelling stations. Regarding hydrogen quality criteria is in force the ISO/TS 19880–1:2016 which recommends the minimum design characteristic for safety and, where appropriate, for performance of public and non–public fuelling stations that dispense gaseous hydrogen to light duty land vehicles (e.g. Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles).
Question 1
Is there a quality control for hydrogen as a fuel?
If yes:
d - What are the frequency of the quality measurements?
Is there a quality control for hydrogen as a fuel?
If yes:
d - N/a
Describe the comparable technology and its relevance with regard to hydrogen
Natural gas quality control
EU Legislation:
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Directive 2014/94/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2014 on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure (AFID)
The AFID establishes a common framework of measures for the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure in the Union in order to minimize dependence on oil and to mitigate the environmental impact of transport.
The Directive sets out minimum requirements for the building-up of alternative fuels infrastructure, including recharging points for electric vehicles and refuelling points for natural gas (LNG and CNG) and hydrogen, to be implemented by means of Member States' national policy frameworks, as well as common technical specifications for such recharging and refuelling points, and user information requirements.
Article 2 defines ‘Alternative fuels’ as fuels or power sources which serve, at least partly, as a substitute for fossil oil sources in the energy supply to transport and which have the potential to contribute to its decarbonisation and enhance the environmental performance of the transport sector. They include, inter alia: hydrogen.
It lays down, in Article 5, that Member States which decide to include hydrogen refuelling points accessible to the public in their national policy frameworks shall ensure that, by 31 December 2025, an appropriate number of such points are available, to ensure the circulation of hydrogen-powered motor vehicles, including fuel cell vehicles, within networks determined by those Member States, including, where appropriate, cross-border links.
Annex II contains technical specifications for hydrogen refuelling points for motor vehicles and additionally lays down that:
• Outdoor hydrogen refuelling points dispensing gaseous hydrogen used as fuel on board motor vehicles shall comply with the technical specifications of the ISO/TS 20100 Gaseous Hydrogen Fuelling specification.
• The hydrogen purity dispensed by hydrogen refuelling points shall comply with the technical specifications included in the ISO 14687-2 standard.
• Hydrogen refuelling points shall employ fuelling algorithms and equipment complying with the ISO/TS 20100 Gaseous Hydrogen Fuelling specification.
• Connectors for motor vehicles for the refuelling of gaseous hydrogen shall comply with the ISO 17268 gaseous hydrogen motor vehicle refuelling connection devices standard. -
ISO/TS 19880–1 Gaseous hydrogen – Fuelling stations
Includes hydrogen quality control recommendations.
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ISO/CD 19880–8 Gaseous hydrogen – Fuelling stations – Hydrogen quality control – Under development
Hydrogen fuel quality control.
- SAE J2719_201511 Hydrogen Fuel Quality for Fuel Cell Vehicles
- I ISO 14687–2:2012 Hydrogen fuel – Product specification – Part 2: Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell applications for road vehicles
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EN 17124:2018 - Hydrogen fuel - Product specification and quality assurance - Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell applications for road vehicles
EN 17124 specifies the quality characteristics of hydrogen fuel and the corresponding quality assurance in order to ensure uniformity of the hydrogen product as dispensed for utilization in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell road vehicle systems.